Enzymatically cross-linked gelatin-phenol hydrogels with a broader stiffness range for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

An injectable hydrogel system, composed of gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (Gtn-HPA) conjugates chemically cross-linked by an enzyme-mediated oxidation reaction, has been designed as a biodegradable scaffold for tissue engineering. In light of the role of substrate stiffness on cell differentiation, we herein report a newly improved Gtn hydrogel system with a broader range of stiffness control that uses Gtn-HPA-tyramine (Gtn-HPA-Tyr)...