Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membrane with organic and inorganic porogens

In this paper, the effects of high molecular weight additive (PEO-PPO-PEO), low molecular weight additive (oxalic acid) and inorganic additive (nano-TiO2) on PVDF membranes were studied by phase inversion method. The experimental results showed that the contact angle decreased as PEO-PPO-PEO was added in the casting solution. With the increasing concentration of PEO-PPO-PEO from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%, the water flux increased from 0 to 1136 L/m2h and...