A clinicopathological approach to sulfur mustard-induced organ complications: a major review

Published on Aug 23, 2013in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology1.82
· DOI :10.3109/15569527.2013.781615
Hassan Ghasemi15
Estimated H-index: 15
 , Parviz Owlia27
Estimated H-index: 27
 + 15 AuthorsTooba Ghazanfari22
Estimated H-index: 22
Sources
Abstract
AbstractContext: Sulfur mustard (SM), with an old manufacturing history still remains as potential threat due to easy production and extensive effects.Objectives: Increasing studies on SM indicates the interest of researchers to this subject. Almost all human body organs are at risk for complications of SM. This study offers organ-by-organ information on the effects of SM in animals and humans.Methods: The data sources were literature reviews since 1919 as well as our studies during the Iraq–Iran war. The search items were SM and its all other nomenclatures in relation to, in vivo, in vitro, humans, animals, eye, ocular, ophthalmic, lungs, pulmonary, skin, cutaneous, organs and systemic. Amongst more than 1890 SM-related articles, 257 more relevant clinicopathologic papers were selected for this review.Results: SM induces a vast range of damages in nearly all organs. Acute SM intoxication warrants immediate approach. Among chronic lesions, delayed keratitis and blindness, bronchiolitis obliterans and resp...
📖 Papers frequently viewed together
20103.45Journal of Applied Toxicology
5 Authors (Kamyar Ghabili, ..., Mohammadali Mohajel Shoja)
20054.22Toxicology
2 Authors (Kai Kehe, Ladislaus Szinicz)
20135.19Chemico-Biological Interactions
2 Authors (John S. Graham, Bruce A. Schoneboom)
References255
Newest
Mar 1, 2013·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology1.82
#1Hassan GhasemiH-Index: 15
#2Parviz Owlia (Shahed University)H-Index: 27
Last. Mohammad Mehdi NaghizadehH-Index: 22
view all 7 authors...
Introduction: Ocular surface disorders and infections in sulfur mustard (SM) exposed patients are of particular clinical importance. The aim of the present study is to detect the conjunctival bacterial florae in patients with seriously SM induced eye injuries.Materials and methods: Conjunctival bacterial florae of 143 seriously eye injured subjects as the study group was detected. The results were compared with 26 normal participants. Both groups were matched in age and sex. The samples were tak...
Source
Sep 28, 2012·Journal of Dermatological Case Reports
#1Seyed Naser Emadi (BMSU: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences)H-Index: 11
#2Farhang BabamahmoodiH-Index: 10
Last. Seyed Emad EmadiH-Index: 7
view all 9 authors...
Background The relationship between compromised immune system and the development of malignancy, generalized dermatitis, and infection after sulfur mustard gas exposure has been established.
Source
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent with strong blistering, irritant, mutagenic and cytotoxic properties. SM has been widely deployed as a chemical warfare agent for over a century, leading to extensive casualties. Skin is among the first and most heavily damaged organs upon SM exposure. Unfortunately, a considerable fraction of SM-intoxicated patients are still suffering from chronic cutaneous complications. While these complications adversely affect patients’ quality of life...
Source
Aug 17, 2012·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology1.82
#1Zohreh Poursaleh (BMSU: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences)H-Index: 11
#2Mostafa Ghanei (BMSU: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences)H-Index: 40
Last. Seyed Naser Emadi (Yahoo!)H-Index: 11
view all 9 authors...
Objective: Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure intensely causes lesions that range in severity from mild erythema to blister formation and necrosis. This review will discuss acute and long-term skin consequences due to exposure to SM and different kinds of medical prophylaxis and therapeutics against SM-induced skin lesions.Methods: Literature survey of medical case reports, clinical studies, and original articles was performed using PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Database (1917–2011 March). Key wor...
Source
Background: Iraq used chemical weapons against thousands of Iranian militaries and civilians. This study aimed to compare the chronic cutaneous side effects of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) with nerve agents (NA).Methods: The study enrolled 154 SM exposed cases and 175 (NA) exposed cases. Presence of any late cutaneous manifestations was evaluated by a dermatologist via prior history of acute cutaneous complications extracted from medical achieves.Results: only 18.1% mustard exposed group was ...
Source
Jul 10, 2012·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology2.73
#1Ali Taravati (UT: University of Tehran)H-Index: 7
#2Sussan K. Ardestani (UT: University of Tehran)H-Index: 23
Last. Faramarz Fallahi (Shahed University)H-Index: 10
view all 8 authors...
Sulfur mustard, a chemical warfare agent, has short- and long-term effects on various organs including respiratory system. Its late toxic effects on biological macromolecules among exposed veterans have not been well studied. We performed a study to determine paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and phenotype distribution as well as its correlation with albumin level in 289 male veterans with severe pulmonary complications who had exposure to sulfur mustard 20 years ago and in 66 age and ethnic matched...
Source
: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicant chemical warfare agent that persists as a serious menace from the viewpoint of acute and chronic toxicity, simple synthesis and no effective treatment currently being available. The two most deleterious basic molecular mechanisms in SM poisoning are: inflammation and over-activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and the resulting DNA alkylation. Oxidative stress is the common consequence of these pathway activations. In the present review, the significance of...
Source
Apr 12, 2012·Health and Quality of Life Outcomes3.19
#1Gholamhosein Ghaedi (Shahed University)H-Index: 1
#2Hassan Ghasemi (Shahed University)H-Index: 15
Last. Mohammad Mehdi NaghizadehH-Index: 22
view all 9 authors...
Background Sulfur mustard (SM) has been used as a chemical warfare agent since the early twentieth century. Despite the large number of studies that have investigated SM induced ocular injuries, few of those studies have also focused on the psychological health status of victims. This study has evaluated the most prominent influences on the psychological health status of patients with severe SM induced ocular injuries.
Source
Mar 1, 2012·Cornea2.65
#1Patrick M. McNuttH-Index: 16
#2Tracey A. HamiltonH-Index: 16
Last. Denise MilhornH-Index: 3
view all 7 authors...
PURPOSE: Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure results in dose-dependent morbidities caused by cytotoxicity and vesication. Although lesions resulting from ocular exposure often resolve clinically, an idiopathic delayed mustard gas keratopathy (MGK) can develop after a moderate or severe exposure. Sequelae include persistent keratitis, recurring epithelial lesions, corneal neovascularization, and corneal degeneration, which can lead to impaired vision or loss of sight. The purpose of this effort is to co...
Source
Feb 25, 2012·Toxicology Letters4.37
#1Paul A. Jowsey (Newcastle University)H-Index: 12
#2Faith M. Williams (Newcastle University)H-Index: 4
Last. Peter G. Blain (Newcastle University)H-Index: 29
view all 3 authors...
Abstract Sulphur mustard (SM) is a blistering agent that causes debilitating damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory system. In cases of severe exposure, immunodepletion can occur as well as death, due to secondary infections. The toxicity of SM is thought to be mediated in part by the alkylation of nucleic acids and proteins, although the exact mechanisms are not clear. In addition, although the first known use of SM was in military conflict nearly 100 years ago, there are still no effective t...
Source
12345678910
Cited By21
Newest
Oct 12, 2021·PLOS ONE3.24
#1Dinesh G Goswami (Anschutz Medical Campus)H-Index: 9
#2Neha Mishra (Anschutz Medical Campus)
Last. Rajesh Agarwal (Anschutz Medical Campus)H-Index: 108
view all 9 authors...
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a cytotoxic, vesicating, chemical warfare agent, first used in 1917; corneas are particularly vulnerable to SM exposure. They may develop inflammation, ulceration, neovascularization (NV), impaired vision, and partial/complete blindness depending upon the concentration of SM, exposure duration, and bio-physiological conditions of the eyes. Comprehensive in vivo studies have established ocular structural alterations, opacity, NV, and inflammation upon short durations (<4 mi...
Source
Sep 8, 2021·Phytotherapy Research5.88
#1Aviral Kumar (IITs: Indian Institutes of Technology)H-Index: 5
#2Choudhary Harsha (IITs: Indian Institutes of Technology)H-Index: 15
Last. Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara (IITs: Indian Institutes of Technology)H-Index: 63
view all 7 authors...
The last decade has seen an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide. Different mono-targeted approaches have been devised to treat these multigenic diseases, still most of them suffer from limited success due to the off-target debilitating side effects and their inability to target multiple pathways. Hence a safe, efficacious, and multi-targeted approach is the need for the hour to circumvent these challenging chronic diseases. Curcumin, a natural compound extracted fr...
Source
May 4, 2021·Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods2.99
#1Satyendra K. Singh (MSU: Michigan State University)H-Index: 9
#2Joshua A. Klein (MSU: Michigan State University)H-Index: 1
Last. Neera Tewari-Singh (MSU: Michigan State University)H-Index: 3
view all 4 authors...
Highly toxic industrial chemicals that are widely accessible, and hazardous chemicals like phosgene oxime (CX) that can be easily synthesized, pose a serious threat as potential chemical weapons. In addition, their accidental release can lead to chemical emergencies and mass casualties. CX, an urticant, or nettle agent, grouped with vesicating agents, causes instant pain, injury and systemic effects, which can lead to mortality. With faster cutaneous penetration, corrosive properties, and more p...
Source
May 1, 2021·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences5.69
#1Neha Mishra (UM: University of Montana)
#2Komal Raina (UM: University of Montana)H-Index: 31
Last. Rajesh Agarwal (UM: University of Montana)H-Index: 108
view all 3 authors...
Mustard gas (sulfur mustard, SM), a highly vesicating chemical warfare agent, was first deployed in warfare in 1917 and recently during the Iraq-Iran war (1980s) and Syrian conflicts (2000s); however, the threat of exposure from stockpiles and old artillery shells still looms large. Whereas research has been long ongoing on SM-induced toxicity, delineating the precise molecular pathways is still an ongoing area of investigation; thus, it is important to attempt novel approaches to decipher these...
Source
Jan 1, 2021·Toxicology reports
#1Alka Gupta (Sarojini Naidu Medical College)H-Index: 1
#2Rajagopalan VijayaraghavanH-Index: 51
Last. Anshoo GautamH-Index: 11
view all 3 authors...
Introduction Sulfur mustard (SM) is chemically, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and a strong alkylating agent that causes cytotoxicity and blisters on skin. In laboratory animal models, SM is extremely lethal. Since no specific antidote has been proposed, decontamination upon contact is the recommended procedure. Several antidotes have been screened for SM, and in that sulfanyl compounds, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethylphenyl sulfide (DRDE-07) showed good protection. Since ...
Source
Jul 1, 2020·Iranian Journal of Public Health1.43
#4Mohammad Hosein Zare (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services)H-Index: 8
Background We aimed to use the scientometric approach to evaluate immunological studies on the subject of sulfur mustard over the past 20 years. Methods In this scientometric study, the Web of Science Core Collection was searched on the studies about sulfur mustard. The published papers related to the field of immunology were retrieved from these papers. HistCite software and VOSviewer were the applied software packages for bibliometric analysis, information visualization, and creating bibliomet...
Source
Mar 1, 2020·International Immunopharmacology4.93
#1Somaye Sadeghi (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services)H-Index: 2
#2Nariman Mosaffa (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services)H-Index: 13
Last. Tooba Ghazanfari (Shahed University)H-Index: 22
view all 5 authors...
Abstract Introduction Sulfur Mustard (SM) is one of the most lethal chemicals with major complications manifested in the lungs. Although the pathogenesis behind SM-induced lung injury still remains poorly understood, prolonged activation and the imbalance of two major macrophage populations (M1 and M2) have been suggested to be involved. Here, we tried to investigate the effectiveness of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) on long-term lesions induced by CEES, an SM analog. The modul...
Source
Oct 2, 2019·International Immunopharmacology4.93
#1Fatemeh Heidary (Shahed University)H-Index: 9
#2Reza GharebaghiH-Index: 10
Last. Tooba Ghazanfari (Shahed University)H-Index: 22
view all 7 authors...
Abstract Background Chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard (SM) exposure leads to severe ocular morbidity during time. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-12, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and nitric oxide (NO) in SM-exposed patients versus the control group and to measure tear concentration of VEGF-C only in the SM-exposed group. Methods In this prospective case control, 128 SM-exposed patients and 31 healthy control subj...
Source
Jun 21, 2019·Experimental and Molecular Pathology3.36
#1Dinesh G Goswami (Anschutz Medical Campus)H-Index: 9
#2Rama Kant (Anschutz Medical Campus)H-Index: 8
Last. Rajesh Agarwal (Anschutz Medical Campus)H-Index: 108
view all 8 authors...
Abstract Sulfur mustard (SM), a potent vesicating chemical warfare agent, and its analog nitrogen mustard (NM), are both strong bi-functional alkylating agents. Eyes, skin, and the respiratory system are the main targets of SM and NM exposure; however, ocular tissue is most sensitive, resulting in severe ocular injury. The mechanism of ocular injury from vesicating agents' exposure is not completely understood. To understand the injury mechanism from exposure to vesicating agents, NM has been pr...
Source
May 1, 2019·Drug and Chemical Toxicology3.36
#1Shlomit Dachir (Israel Institute for Biological Research)H-Index: 19
#2Ishai Rabinovitz (Israel Institute for Biological Research)H-Index: 14
Last. Tamar Kadar (Israel Institute for Biological Research)H-Index: 26
view all 8 authors...
AbstractSulfur mustard (SM) is an incapacitating chemical warfare agent used in numerous conflicts around the world and it is still a major threat for both, army troops and civilians. To evaluate its multiple targets effects in experimental setup, a model of whole body exposure (WBE) to SM vapor was established in rats and its simultaneous effects on lungs and eyes as well as on general wellbeing were examined. Rats were exposed to SM vapor. Evaluation (up to 10 weeks post-exposure) included bod...
Source
123
This website uses cookies.
We use cookies to improve your online experience. By continuing to use our website we assume you agree to the placement of these cookies.
To learn more, you can find in our Privacy Policy.