Abstract Carbon nanotubes have long been recognized as the stiffest and strongest man-made material known to date. In addition, their high electrical conductivity has roused interest in the area of electrical appliances and communication related applications. However, due to their miniscule size, the excellent properties of these nanostructures can only be exploited if they are homogeneously embedded into light-weight matrices as those offered by a whole series of engineering polymers. We review the present state of polymer nanocomposites research in which the fillers are carbon nanotubes. In order to enhance their chemical affinity to engineering polymer matrices, chemical modification of the graphitic sidewalls and tips is necessary. In this review, an extended account of the various chemical strategies for grafting polymers onto carbon nanotubes and the manufacturing of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites is given. The mechanical and electrical properties to date of a whole range of nanocomposites of various carbon nanotube contents are also reviewed in an attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area.
#1Zdenko Špitalský(CAS: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)H-Index: 1
#2Libor Matějka(CAS: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)H-Index: 29
Last. Jiří Kotek(CAS: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)H-Index: 21
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We have studied an effect of three types of modifications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on dispersion and mechanical properties of final epoxy-amine based nanocomposites. First approach includes end-walled covalent chemical modification at the ends of nanotubes. The second one is side-walled covalent chemical modification along the whole length of nanotubes. The third procedure is noncovalent, physical modification done by the CNT surface coating with polyaniline. The modification of nanotubes was ...
Abstract This paper reports investigations carried out on elastomeric matrices filled with multiwall carbon nanotubes. A comparison with carbon black-filled polymers is also made. The state of dispersion of the fillers in the polymer matrix is evaluated through transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. Stress–strain measurements of the composites demonstrate that carbon nanotubes bring significant improvements in the mechanical properties with regard to the pure polymer. Infrared and ...
Last. Tiberio A. Ezquerra(CSIC: Spanish National Research Council)H-Index: 51
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Abstract Nanostructuring of polymers has opened up new perspectives for multi-functional materials. In this paper we report on the feasibility of preparing transparent and conducting polymer nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as additive. Polymer nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods, direct mixing in the melt (DM) and in situ polymerization (I-SP). Samples prepared by DM show a low percolation threshold for electri...
Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were produced by a small-scale masterbatch melt dilution technique using five PP differing in melt flow index (MFI) and degree of maleination. PP used in a masterbatch has MFI = 12 (PP12), the others used PP which have MFI = 2 or MFI = 8. The state of CNT dispersion as assessed by melt rheological and morphological investigations indicated a better dispersion when using unmodified PP with MFI = 8 (PP8) and the masterbatch...
Polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 6.6 (PA66) were filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) using small scale melt mixing under variation of processing conditions, including temperature, rotation speed, and mixing time. In PA66 an electrical percolation threshold of 1 wt% MWNT was found which is lower than that of PA6 at 2.5–4 wt%. In both cases mixing conditions influenced strongly the dispersion and distribution of CNT and the electrical volume resistivity, whereas crystallisation behaviou...
We review experimental and theoretical work on electrical percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer composites. We give a comprehensive survey of published data together with an attempt of systematization. Parameters like CNT type, synthesis method, treatment and dimensionality as well as polymer type and dispersion method are evaluated with respect to their impact on percolation threshold, scaling law exponent and maximum conductivity of the composite. Validity as well as limitations of ...
Abstract The mechanical and electrical properties of oxidised multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/epoxy composites are investigated with respect to the chemical treatment of the nanofiller. Surface modification of the MWCNTs is carried out by treating the as-received material with HCl, H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 , and H 2 O 2 /NH 4 OH under well specified conditions. The strongly oxidised MWCNTs appear to be extremely pure but their perfection is affected by the oxidation treatment. The material ...
Composites based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the block copolymer styrene-butadiene-styrene with two different contents of styrene have been investigated and their electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have been evaluated. The composites were prepared by a solution casting procedure, using a dispersant agent for the MWCNTs. Conductivity values of 10−4 and 1.6 S cm−1 have been obtained for samples containing 1 and 12 wt % of MWCNTs, respectively. The percolation threshol...
#1Dongguang Yan(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 2
#2Guisheng Yang(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 20
Toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs-NCO) were used to prepare monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6)/MWNTs nanocomposites via in situ anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP). Isocyanate groups of MWNTs-NCO could serve as AROP activators of ϵ-caprolactam (CL) in the in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that a graft copolymer of PA6 and MWNTs was formed in the in situ polymerization. MWNTs-PA6 covalent bonds of the graft co...
Last. Guohong Mu(SJTU: Shanghai Jiao Tong University)H-Index: 11
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Abstract Chemically functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/bisphenol-A glycidol ether epoxy resin/2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole composites were prepared. MWCNTs were first treated by a 3:1 (v/v) mixture of concentrated H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 , and then triethylenetetramine (TETA) grafting was carried out. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis proved the effectiveness of H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 treatment and confirmed the TETA functionalization mechanism. Chemical functionalization decreases the cr...
Last. Hejun Li(NPU: Northwestern Polytechnical University)H-Index: 68
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Abstract null null Carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites (C/Cs), are the most promising high-temperature materials and could be widely applied in aerospace and nucleation fields, owing to their superior performances. However, C/Cs are very susceptible to destructive oxidation and thus fail at elevated temperatures. Though matrix modification and coating technologies with Si-based and ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are valid to enhance the oxidation/ablation resistance of C/Cs, it's ...
Abstract null null The successful and novel synthesis of in-situ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a pillared montmorillonite (Mt) nanoclay was achieved. These novel nanofillers were mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer to study electrical properties of these nanocomposites. The trinuclear Fe (III)-acetato complex, [Fe3(OOCCH3)7·OH·nH2O]+NO3−, was synthesized and analyzed by chemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, and was used as the precursor for the CNT synthesis. The c...
Abstract null null Overmolding process is one of the growing advanced technologies for fabricating lightweight composite structures used in the aerospace and automotive industries. This technology enables integrating multiple types of reinforcements from macro- to nano-scale in thermoplastic and thermoset matrices and assembling of dissimilar polymeric materials. Besides, this process is well suited to a digitalization of advanced composite manufacturing for complex geometries with outstanding p...
#1Yang Bai(QUST: Qingdao University of Science and Technology)
#2Hongzheng Lu(QUST: Qingdao University of Science and Technology)
Last. Fei Wang(QUST: Qingdao University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 7
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Abstract null null Gas hydrate technology is of great potential in the storage and transportation of flammable gas (e.g. methane and hydrogen), CO2 capture and sequestration, gas mixture separation, etc. However, due to slow formation rate and low water-to-hydrate conversion, achieving the rapid formation of gas hydrates together with high storage capacity is critical to utilize this technology. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a novel carbon material, has been proved having efficient acceleration to...
Abstract null null In this research, the novel nano-filled fluoroelastomer (FKM) composites with excellent thermal and mechanical properties were prepared using the Siligraphene (graphene-like SiC), g-C3N4, and Siligraphene/g-C3N4 composites to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of FKM. The nanocomposites were exposed to heat aging test and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile test. Results show that Sil...
Ferroelectric ceramic–polymer composites consisting of Poly Vinyledine Fluoride–Hexa Fluoro Propylene (PVDF-HFP) as polymer host and 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3−0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-BCT) ceramics as filler were prepared using solution casting technique. These composites are characterized for structural, microstructural, vibrational, optical, dielectric and ferroelectric properties at various experimental conditions. The electroactive β phase fraction (observed from XRD and FTIR analysis) increases a...
Last. Mahdi Sadri(AUT: Amirkabir University of Technology)H-Index: 3
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Abstract null null Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are, by far, one of the most intriguing subjects of smart materials with myriads of applications in various disciplines, such as biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and so on. By compiling the durable elasticity of elastomers and SMPs, one can obtain a low-weight material with exclusive recovery abilities and cost-effective features. However, elastomer-based SMPs have significant drawbacks in the case of mechanical and conductive properties, which a...