Effect of eluent on the ionization process in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

The most widely used ionization techniques in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) are electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). All three provide user friendly coupling of LC to MS. Achieving optimal LC–MS conditions is not always easy, however, owing to the complexity of ionization processes and the many parameters affecting mass spectrometric...