Mineralization is a ubiquitous process in the animal kingdom and is fundamental to human development and health. Dysfunctional or aberrant mineralization leads to a variety of medical problems, and so an understanding of these processes is essential to their mitigation. Osteoblasts create the nano-composite structure of bone by secreting a collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) on which apatite crystals subsequently form. However, despite their requisite function in building bone and decades of ...
Nanotopography changes human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) from their shape to their differentiation potential; however little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we study the culture of hMSC on polydimethylsiloxane substrates with 350 nm grating topography and investigate the focal adhesion composition and dynamics using biochemical and imaging techniques. Our results show that zyxin protein plays a key role in the hMSC response to nanotopography. Zyxin expression is downre...
Nanopatterns on titanium may enhance endosseous implant biofunctionality. To enable biological studies to prove this hypothesis, we developed a scalable method of fabricating nanogrooved titanium substrates. We defined nanogrooves by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and a subsequent pattern transfer to the surface of ASTM grade 2 bulk titanium applying a soft-mask for chlorine-based reactive ion etching (RIE). With respect to direct write lithographic techniques the method introduced here is fast a...
Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various lineages, and the ability to reliably direct stem cell fate determination would have tremendous potential for basic research and clinical therapy. Nanotopography provides a useful tool for guiding differentiation, as the features are more durable than surface chemistry and can be modified in size and shape to suit the desired application. In this paper, nanotopography is examined as a means to guide differentiation, and its application i...
A diverse array of environmental factors contributes to the overall control of stem cell activity. In particular, new data continue to mount on the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on stem cell fate through physical interactions with cells, such as the control of cell geometry, ECM geometry/topography at the nanoscale, ECM mechanical properties, and the transmission of mechanical or other biophysical factors to the cell. Here, we review some of the physical processes by which cues fro...
Abstract Bioactive glasses bond strongly to bone in vivo and their ionic dissolution products have previously been shown to have stimulatory properties on adult and fetal osteoblasts and to induce the differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards the osteoblastic lineage in vitro . In the present study, the effect of 45S5 Bioglass ® conditioned medium with two different Si concentrations (15 μg/ml (BGCM/15) and 20 μg/ml (BGCM/20)) on human fetal osteoblast growth, differentiation and extracell...
Last. Bo Su(UoB: University of Bristol)H-Index: 38
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Abstract Surface nanotopography is known to influence the interaction of human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC) with a material surface. While most surface nanopatterning has been performed on polymer-based surfaces there is a need for techniques to produce well-defined topography features with tuneable sizes on relevant load-bearing implant materials such as titanium (Ti). In this study titania nanopillar structures with heights of either 15, 55 or 100 nm were produced on Ti surfaces us...
Abstract The catalytic activity of the ( n BuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 metallocene supported on ordered SBA-15 mesoporous silica and on traditional amorphous silica toward the polymerization of ethylene is studied. High activity values were obtained with the SBA-15-supported catalyst (6953–8407 kg mol −1 Zr bar −1 h −1 ), which were significantly higher than those presented by the catalyst supported on amorphous silica (959–4234 kg mol −1 Zr bar −1 h −1 ). The highly ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 af...
Abstract Morphogenesis of epithelial tissues involves various forms of reshaping of cell layers, such as invagination or bending, convergent extension, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. At the cellular level, these processes include changes in the shape, position, and assembly pattern of cells. During such morphogenetic processes, epithelial sheets in general maintain their multicellular architecture, implying that they must engage the mechanisms to change the spatial relationship with thei...
#1Tomáš Křenek(University of West Bohemia)H-Index: 6
#2Josef Pola(University of West Bohemia)H-Index: 20
Last. Věra Jandová(University of West Bohemia)H-Index: 6
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Abstract null null Novel types of titanium oxidic surfaces were fabricated by a shifted Laser Surface Texturing of titanium in air, producing porous micro/nanostructured topography, and by a subsequent Nd:YAG laser-induced reactive deposition of Ti5Si3 titanium silicide in vacuum, coating this topography with scattered sub-micron particles of silicon monoxide. Both surfaces are characterized by XRD, electron microscopy and FTIR, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the second laser-ind...
To find out the optimal porosity and pore size of porous titanium (Ti) regarding the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation. Six groups of porous Ti samples with different porosities and pore sizes were fabricated by the powder metallurgy process. The microstructure and compressive mechanical properties were characterized. The cytocompatibility was examined by a series of biological tests as protein absorption with BCA assay kit, cell attachment with laser scanning confocal microscopy ...
Last. Klára Magyari(University of Szeged)H-Index: 15
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Abstract Biomaterials based on bioactive glass with gold nanoparticle composites have many applications in tissue engineering due to their tissue regeneration and angiogenesis capacities. The objectives of the study were to develop new composites using bioactive glass with gold nanospheres (BGAuSP) and gold nanocages (BGAuIND), individually introduced in alginate-pullulan (Alg-Pll) polymer, to evaluate their biocompatibility potential, and to compare the obtained results with those achieved when...
Abstract Porous, bioactive microspheres have always been a dream material to biomedical scientists for bone regeneration and drug delivery applications due to their interconnectivity, unique pore geometry, encapsulation ability and porosity spanning macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic length scales. Extensive efforts have been made to produce such materials synthetically at a great cost of money, time and labor. Herein, naturally-assembled multifunctional, open-channeled and hollow bioactive...
Stem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long-term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to prov...
The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of dental-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (d-hMSCs) in response to differently surface-treated implants and to evaluate the effect of d-hMSCs on local osteogenesis around an implant in vivo. d-hMSCs derived from alveolar bone were established and cultured on machined, sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-treated titanium discs with and without osteogenic induction medium. Their morphological and osteogenic potential was assessed by scanning...
Last. Evelien Gerits(Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)H-Index: 8
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OBJECTIVES New strategies for implant surface functionalization in the prevention of peri-implantitis while not compromising osseointegration are currently explored. The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the osseointegration of a titanium-silica composite implant, previously shown to enable controlled release of therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine, in the Gottingen mini-pig oral model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three implant groups were designed: macroporous titanium implants (Ti-Porous...
#1Pawan Kumar(Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 8
#1Pawan Kumar(Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 85
Last. Rajesh Thakur(Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 17
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One of the most important ideas ever produced by the application of materials science to the medical field is the notion of biomaterials. The nanostructured biomaterials play a crucial role in the development of new treatment strategies including not only the replacement of tissues and organs, but also repair and regeneration. They are designed to interact with damaged or injured tissues to induce regeneration, or as a forest for the production of laboratory tissues, so they must be micro-enviro...