Drug resistance

Antibiotics

Bacteria

Biology

Microbiology

Chemistry

Efflux

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antimicrobial

Genetics

Biochemistry

Antibiotic resistance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Antimicrobial resistance is an old and silent pandemic. Resistant organisms emerge in parallel with new antibiotics, leading to a major global public health crisis over time. Antibiotic resistance may be due to different mechanisms and against different classes of drugs. These mechanisms are usually found in the same organism, giving rise to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. One resistance mechanism that is closely associated with the emergence of MDR and XDR bacteria is the efflux of drugs since the same pump can transport different classes of drugs. In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps are present in two configurations: a transmembrane protein anchored in the inner membrane and a complex formed by three proteins. The tripartite complex has a transmembrane protein present in the inner membrane, a periplasmic protein, and a porin associated with the outer membrane. In

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa