AMPA receptor

Neuroscience

Epilepsy

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Biology

Hippocampus

Computer science

Internal medicine

Paleontology

Cell type

Genetics

Medicine

Context (archaeology)

Parvalbumin

Hippocampal formation

Kainate receptor

Cell

Receptor

Neuromodulation

Temporal lobe

Glutamate receptor

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Interneuron

Central nervous system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a powerful tool for noninvasive modulation of deep brain activity with promising therapeutic potential for refractory epilepsy; however, tools for examining FUS effects on specific cell types within the deep brain do not yet exist. Consequently, how cell types within heterogeneous networks can be modulated and whether parameters can be identified to bias these networks in the context of complex behaviors remains unknown. To address this, we developed a fiber Photometry Coupled focused Ultrasound System (PhoCUS) for simultaneously monitoring FUS effects on neural activity of subcortical genetically targeted cell types in freely behaving animals. We identified a parameter set that selectively increases activity of parvalbumin interneurons while suppressing excitatory neurons in the hippocampus. A net inhibitory effect localized to the hippocampus was further confirmed through whole brain metabolic imaging. Finally, these inhibitory selective parameters achieved significant spike supp...

A tool for monitoring cell type–specific focused ultrasound neuromodulation and control of chronic epilepsy