Electric vehicles integration and vehicle-to-grid operation in active distribution grids: A comprehensive review on power architectures, grid connection standards and typical applications

Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed as efficient solutions to reduce carbon emissions and fossil fuel reliance in transportation sectors. Yet, the ever-increasing penetration of EVs also poses great challenges for distribution grid planning and operation. As a research hotspot, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology could not only relieve the adverse effects of large-scale uncoordinated EV charging but also offer varied auxiliary services for the...