Quantum mechanics

Deoxygenated Hemoglobin

Neuroscience

Biology

Diffuse optical imaging

Calcium

Functional neuroimaging

Sensory system

Functional imaging

Hemoglobin

Iterative reconstruction

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Computer science

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

Heart rate

Radiology

Physics

Functional Brain Imaging

Blood pressure

Psychology

Calcium imaging

Fluorescence

Internal medicine

Sensory stimulation therapy

Artificial intelligence

Haemodynamic response

Medicine

Neuroimaging

Advanced Science

Modern optical neuroimaging approaches are expanding the ability to elucidate complex brain function. Diverse imaging contrasts enable direct observation of neural activity with functional sensors along with the induced hemodynamic responses. To date, decoupling the complex interplay of neurovascular coupling and dynamical physiological states has remained challenging when employing single‐modality functional neuroimaging readings. A hybrid fluorescence optoacoustic tomography platform combined with a custom data processing pipeline based on statistical parametric mapping is devised, attaining the first noninvasive observation of simultaneous calcium and hemodynamic activation patterns using optical contrasts. Correlated changes in the oxy‐ and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and rapid GCaMP6f fluorescence signals are observed in response to peripheral sensory stimulation. While the concurrent epifluorescence serves to corroborate and complement the functional optoacoustic observations, the latter further aids in decoupling the rapid calcium responses from the slowly varying background in the fluorescence recordings mediated by hemodynamic changes. The hybrid imaging platform expands the capabilities of conventional neuroimaging methods to provide more comprehensive functional readings for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.

Multimodal Noninvasive Functional Neurophotonic Imaging of Murine Brain‐Wide Sensory Responses