Ecosystem

Global warming

Geology

Climate change

Temperate climate

Biology

Atmospheric sciences

Boreal

Growing season

Engineering

Temperate forest

Ecology

Spring (device)

Climatology

Phenology

Temperate rainforest

Environmental science

Carbon cycle

Mechanical engineering

Taiga

Nature Communications

Under global warming, advances in spring phenology due to rising temperatures have been widely reported. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the advancement in spring phenology still remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature during the previous growing season on spring phenology of current year based on the start of season extracted from multiple long-term and large-scale phenological datasets between 1951 and 2018. Our findings indicate that warmer temperatures during previous growing season are linked to earlier spring phenology of current year in temperate and boreal forests. Correspondingly, we observed an earlier spring phenology with the increase in photosynthesis of the previous growing season. These findings suggest that the observed warming-induced earlier spring phenology is driven by increased photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the previous growing season. Therefore, the vital role of warming-induced changes in carbon assimilation should be considered to accurately project spring phenology and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems under future climate warming.

Warming-induced increase in carbon uptake is linked to earlier spring phenology in temperate and boreal forests