Physics

Microbiome

Sociology

Developed country

Pediatrics

Population

Infant feeding

Bioinformatics

Evolutionary biology

Biology

Zoology

Environmental planning

Demography

Geography

Breastfeeding

Variation (astronomy)

Tanzania

Astrophysics

Out of africa

Gut microbiome

Medicine

Environmental health

Science

Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We deeply sequenced infant stool samples from the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and analyzed them in a global meta-analysis. Infant microbiomes develop along lifestyle-associated trajectories, with more than 20% of genomes detected in the Hadza infant gut representing novel species. Industrialized infants-even those who are breastfed-have microbiomes characterized by a paucity of

Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles