Ecology

Biology

Effects of global warming on oceans

Paleoecology

Geology

Oceanography

Paleontology

Plankton

Global warming

Climate change

Cretaceous

Fossil Record

Abundance (ecology)

Geologic record

Paleoclimatology

Ocean acidification

Science

Predictions of how marine calcifying organisms will respond to climate change rely heavily on the fossil record of nannoplankton. Declines in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and nannofossil abundance through several past global warming events have been interpreted as biocalcification crises caused by ocean acidification and related factors. We present a global record of imprint-or "ghost"-nannofossils that contradicts this view, revealing exquisitely preserved nannoplankton throughout an inferred Jurassic biocalcification crisis. Imprints from two further Cretaceous warming events confirm that the fossil records of these intervals have been strongly distorted by CaCO3 dissolution. Although the rapidity of present-day climate change exceeds the temporal resolution of most fossil records, complicating direct comparison with past warming events, our findings demonstrate that nannoplankton were more resilient to past events than traditional fossil evidence suggests.

Global record of “ghost” nannofossils reveals plankton resilience to high CO <sub>2</sub> and warming

Global record of “ghost” nannofossils reveals plankton resilience to high CO 2 and warming

Global record of “ghost” nannofossils reveals plankton resilience to high CO ₂ and warming