Catalysis

Biotechnology

Biology

Materials science

Chromatography

Cascade

Biochemistry

Computer science

Preclinical imaging

In vivo

Physics

Nanotechnology

Optics

Multispectral image

Artificial intelligence

Chemistry

Biological system

Biophysics

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Molecular imaging

Nature Communications

Non-invasive visualization of dynamic molecular events in real-time via molecular imaging may enable the monitoring of cascade catalytic reactions in living systems, however effective imaging modalities and a robust catalytic reaction system are lacking. Here we utilize three-dimensional (3D) multispectral photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging to monitor in vivo cascade catalytic therapy based on a dual enzyme-driven cyclic reaction platform. The system consists of a two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanozyme conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx). The combination of nanozyme and GOx can induce the PA signal variation of endogenous molecules. Combined with the PA response of the nanozyme, we can simultaneously map the 3D PA signals of dynamic endogenous and exogenous molecules associated with the catalytic process, thus providing a real-time non-invasive visualization. We can also treat tumors under the navigation of the PA imaging. Therefore, our study demonstrates the imaging-guided potential of 3D multispectral PA imaging in feedback-looped cascade catalytic therapy.

In vivo three-dimensional multispectral photoacoustic imaging of dual enzyme-driven cyclic cascade reaction for tumor catalytic therapy