The present paper proposed a probabilistic methodology for evaluating the lifetime seismic resilience of the cable-stayed bridge considering the effect of structural corrosion. In this proposed methodology, the deteriorating processes, including the corrosion of steel bars, the reduction of concrete strength, and the corrosion of high-strength stay cables, were considered. Then, the nonlinear static analysis was conducted to directly relate the reduced seismic capacities with the pre-defined damage states to facilitate seismic fragility analysis. Furthermore, the serviceability reliability analysis of a cable-stayed bridge was implemented to improve the quantification of the long-term and post-earthquake functionality loss. The proposed methodology was illustrated by a typical sea-crossing cable-stayed bridge, including the structural corrosion under seismic hazards . The detrimental effect of the deteriorating process on seismic resilience and loss of the cable-stayed bridge was investigated. It is concluded that the lifetime seismic resilience can be overestimated, excluding the long-term functionality loss due to structural corrosion, and the deteriorating process has a significant impact on the seismic resilience of the cable-stayed bridge at large seismic intensities.