Physics

Finite element method

Heat transfer

Mechanics

Heat flux

Composite material

Barrel (horology)

Metallurgy

Materials science

Caliber

Thermal conductivity

Multiphysics

Thermodynamics

Energies

The results of numerical simulations of transient heat transfer in the barrel wall of a 35 mm caliber cannon for a single shot and the sequences of seven shots and sixty shots for chosen barrel steels are presented. It was assumed that the cannon barrel was made of one of the three types of steel: 38HMJ (1.8509), 30HN2MFA and DUPLEX (1.4462). To model the thermal phenomena in the barrel, the barrel wall material was assumed to be homogeneous and the inner surface of the barrel had no protective chromium or nitride layer. The calculations were made for temperature-dependent thermophysical parameters, i.e., thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal expansion (in the range from RT up to 1000 °C) of the selected barrel steels. A barrel with a total length of 3150 mm was divided into 6 zones (i = 1, …, 6) and in each of them, the heat flux density was calculated as a function of time q˙i(t) on the inner surface of the barrel. Using lumped parameter methods, an internal ballistic code was developed to compute in each zone the heat transfer coefficient as a function of time hi(t) and bore gas temperature as a function of time Tg(t) to the cannon barrel for given ammunition parameters. A calculation time equaling 100 ms per single shot was assumed. The results of the calculations were obtained using FEM implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics ver. 5.6 software.

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in a Gun Barrel Made of Selected Steels