Internal medicine

Radiology

Pathology

Prostate cancer

Nuclear medicine

Cancer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Ultrasound

Prospective cohort study

Biopsy

Prostate

Effective diffusion coefficient

Multiparametric MRI

Medicine

The Lancet Oncology

Multiparametric ultrasound detected 4·3% fewer clinically significant prostate cancers than multiparametric MRI, but it would lead to 11·1% more patients being referred for a biopsy. Multiparametric ultrasound could be an alternative to multiparametric MRI as a first test for patients at risk of prostate cancer, particularly if multiparametric MRI cannot be carried out. Both imaging tests missed clinically significant cancers detected by the other, so the use of both would increase the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers compared with using each test alone.

Multiparametric ultrasound versus multiparametric MRI to diagnose prostate cancer (CADMUS): a prospective, multicentre, paired-cohort, confirmatory study