Revealing the Intrinsic Atomic Structure and Chemistry of Amorphous LiO₂-Containing Products in Li–O₂ Batteries Using Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are promising energy storage systems characterized by ultrahigh theoretical energy density. Extensive research has been devoted to this battery technology, yet the detailed operational mechanisms involved, particularly unambiguous identification of various discharge products and their specific distributions, are still unknown or are subjects of controversy. This is partly because of the intrinsic...