Dynamic manifestation of autoimmune diseases in skin—cytokine hubs and paradoxic reactions

The skin is an extraordinarily active immune organ. Equipped with a breadth of pathogen detectors for sensing various environmental alterations (eg, shifts in microbiome composition, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, or mechanical stress), the skin mounts rapid responses through release of an array of downstream agents, including chemokines, cytokines, proteases, and antimicrobial peptides.1Jiang Y. Tsoi L.C. Billi A.C. Ward N.L. Harms P.W....