Designing Value Chains of Plastic and Paper Carrier Bags for a Sustainable and Circular Economy

Progress toward a sustainable and circular economy (SCE) is crucial to mitigate the large-scale exploitation of natural resources and the pile-up of man-made materials in the environment. Carrier bags form a large component of discarded and mismanaged plastic waste whose value can be retained through a SCE. A novel design framework developed in our previous work, has been applied to design optimal value chains based on a superstructure network...