Shape quantification of volcanic cinders and the influence of particle shape indexes on accumulation characteristics

Volcanic cinder is a low-cost subgrade fill material in East Africa. A reluctance to use volcanic cinders for subgrades in the past has stemmed from the compactness is substandard and variable. Considering the irregular shape of volcanic cinders, the compactness can be improved by controlling particle shapes. The shape feature can be described from the macro-meso-microscopic scales through the improved algorithms of shape indexes, namely...