Numerical simulation of fully encapsulated rock bolts with a tri-linear constitutive relation

This paper modified the original structural elements of pile in FLAC3D to analyse the performance of rock bolts. For the contact surface between the bar and the binding grout, bonding behaviour was modelled using the tri-linear constitutive relation. Pull tests were used to testify the effectiveness of the modified pile elements. A satisfactory correlation was acquired between the modelling and physical results. This testified that the improved...