Physics

Organic chemistry

Magnetic field

Propulsion

Hall effect

Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion

Atomic physics

Ion source

Nuclear physics

Chemistry

Ionization

Quantum mechanics

Propellant

Plasma

Magnetohydrodynamics

Thermodynamics

Journal of Applied Physics

Information on the ionization of propellant gases is invaluable for Hall thruster plasma studies because the ion beam is the source of thrust generation. This study proposes a new method that identifies the ionization location of Xe+ ions in Hall thruster plasmas by combining the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and floating emissive probe measurements in annular and cylindrical Hall thrusters. In an annular Hall thruster, this method indicated that ionization became the largest at a few millimeters upstream of the maximum radial magnetic field, whose result agreed with a one-dimensional hybrid fluid/particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation result. On the other hand, the ionization region in a cylindrical Hall thruster was located deeper inside the discharge cavity than that of the annular thruster. In addition, a large upstream shift of the ionization region was observed with the decreasing fraction of the radial magnetic field in the cylindrical Hall thruster.

Determination of the ionization region in Hall thruster plasmas with low perturbation