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could be differentiated between these two chronological phases and provide more clinical information.In summary, HBcrAg and HBV RNA were shown to add limited value in defining different clinical stages given that they are highly correlated with HBV-DNA levels.However, existing data from longitudinal cohorts have suggested that HBcrAg levels serve as complementary predictors in predicting long-term outcomes of CHB patients.More studies are needed to explore how to combine these novel biomarkers with HBV-DNA levels to guide physicians to implement precision medicine.

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