Differences in plumage coloration predict female but not male territorial responses in three antbird sister species pairs

Social selection, via intra- and intersexual competition for sexual (e.g. mates) and/or nonsexual (e.g. territories) resources, is thought to drive the evolution of ornaments in both sexes. However, the relative importance of intra- and intersexual competition in promoting the evolution of female and male ornamentation and, hence, sexual dichromatism remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue in antbirds (Thamnophilidae), a radiation of...