The penetration and perforation of concrete targets: A 3D meso‑mechanical modelling

A numerical study is conducted herein on the penetration and perforation of concrete targets by a 3D meso‑mechanical model which considers concrete as a three-phase material containing mortar matrix, aggregates and ITZ (interfacial transition zone) layers. In order to model the irregular shapes of aggregates more realistically, a new algorithm is developed. Furthermore, the influences of aggregate volume fraction on projectile residual...