Electrical engineering

Sociology

Consumption (sociology)

Computer network

Social science

Biology

Macroeconomics

Engineering

Environmental economics

Political science

Econometrics

Environmental degradation

Economics

Natural resource economics

Renewable energy

Ecology

Resource (disambiguation)

Energy consumption

Production (economics)

Computer science

Natural resource

Panel analysis

Panel data

Environmental quality

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This research used panel data from 1995 to 2019 to examine the impact of financial development, natural resource, industrial production, renewable energy consumption, and total reserve on environmental degradation in (38) OECD countries by using dynamic panel data models, i.e., one-step difference GMM, one-step system GMM, and two-step system GMM model, respectively. The examined findings of one-step difference GMM, one-step system GMM, and two-step system GMM demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and natural resource help to reduce the environmental degradation while financial development, industrial production, and total reserve cause environmental degradation in OECD countries. Based on the examined results, significant policy implications are suggested to improve the environmental quality in OECD countries.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of renewable energy consumption, financial development and natural resources on environmental degradation in OECD countries with dynamic panel data