Quantifying the Progressive Fracture Damage of Granite Rocks by Stress–Strain, Acoustic Emission, and Active Ultrasonic Methods

The accurate identification and quantification of rock damage are important for the reliable safety assessment of rock engineering. In this paper, stress-strain behavior, passive acoustic emission (AE), and active ultrasonic transmission were measured simultaneously under uniaxial compression to characterize the fracture damage of granites. The deformation and acoustic behaviors with respect to crack initiation and crack damage thresholds were...