Integration of graphene with GZO as TCO layer and its impact on solar cell performance

In this study, we investigated the impact of incorporating graphene with Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) when employing them as a TCO layer on Si-based solar cell. GZO thin films with various thicknesses (50–450 nm) were fabricated by the sputtering method using a single target. The aim here was to determine the GZO film with the optimum thickness to incorporate it with single layer graphene as TCO. This thickness was found to be 350 nm as that was the best...