Negative and positive partisans’ responses to the 2020 presidential election

In the wake of past U.S. Presidential elections, voters supporting the losing side have shown a social pain response. In this paper we demonstrate that these findings held again in the 2020 election, helping to confirm that it is the voting experience itself that matters (since the 2020 losing‐side voters were winning‐side voters in the previous election). In prior elections, this pattern was most evident among strong positive partisans; we...