Assessing causal associations of obesity and diabetes with kidney stones using Mendelian randomization analysis

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in observational studies, but the causality of these associations remains unestablished. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine these associations.Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms at the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8) were selected as instrumental variables and were identified from meta-analyses of genome-wide...