Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on intestinal ligandins in a rat model of functional dyspepsia

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can relieve the symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) and improve the quality of life of patients, however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of taVNS on the expression of intestinal mucosal ligandins. This study was conducted on 24 specific Spathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats (12 males and 12 females). The rat model...