Vibration characteristics of plates and shells with functionally graded pores imperfections using an enhanced finite shell element

The novelty of the current study is the development of an enhanced finite shell model using the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to study the vibration characteristics of imperfect functionally graded (FGM) plates and shells including porosities. Unlike standard (FSDT) theory, the proposed model presents an improvement of the FSDT via the introduction of a quadratic shear function allowing the exact representation of the parabolic...