Nanoparticle-mediated intravesical delivery of conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome treatment

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a critical disease characterized by debilitating pelvic pain associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Effective therapeutic strategies remain challenging due to their elusive pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers a promising therapeutic approach for IC/BPS treatment. Yet, the ethical arguments and tumorigenic risks from cell therapy by stem cells restrict the...