Cyclic Performance of Square RC Bridge Columns Confined with Combined Steel and BFRP Ties

This paper proposes a confining combination of steel and innovative rectangular basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) ties at the plastic hinge region on the seismic response of square reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns. Six concrete specimens were constructed to test the bend parts' strength for comparison to the tested straight parts' strength. Seven square columns were constructed, considering the spacing between ties and axial load...