Internal medicine

Weight Loss Surgery

Physiology

Obesity

Bioinformatics

Biology

Endocrinology

Psychiatry

Surgery

Intensive care medicine

Psychological intervention

Obesity Surgery

Gastric bypass

Gastrointestinal tract

Weight loss

Energy expenditure

Medicine

Appetite

Endocrine Reviews

Obesity surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and its complications. Weight loss was initially attributed to decreased energy absorption from the gut but has since been linked to reduced appetitive behavior and potentially increased energy expenditure. Implicated mechanisms associating rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract with these metabolic outcomes include central appetite control, release of gut peptides, change in microbiota, and bile acids. However, the exact combination and timing of signals remain largely unknown. In this review, we survey recent research investigating these mechanisms, and seek to provide insights on unanswered questions over how weight loss is achieved following bariatric surgery which may eventually lead to safer, nonsurgical weight-loss interventions or combinations of medications with surgery.

Mechanisms of Weight Loss After Obesity Surgery