A phosphorylated nanocellulose/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose composite matrix: A biodegradable, flame-retardant and self-standing gel polymer electrolyte towards eco-friendly and high safety lithium ion batteries

Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is considered as a midway solution of liquid electrolyte and solid polymer electrolyte. Nowadays, the biodegradable and renewable cellulose based GPEs are adopted as promising substitutes for GPEs based on other polymers like PVDF and PMMA. However, the safety concerns derived from the flammability of cellulose still hinders the practical application of the cellulose based GPEs. Simultaneously, the conventional...