Cardiac Septal Defects in Children: Hemodynamics, Clinical Manifestations and Detection

Cardiac septal defect in children is one of the congenital heart defects characterized by atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD) and defects in both atrial and ventricular septum (AVSD). The hemodynamic changes that occur are caused by a left to the right shunt. Differences in location, size of the defect and pulmonary vascular resistance make hemodynamic differences and clinical manifestations between the three types of...