Work function

Physics

Electrode

Organic chemistry

Energy (signal processing)

Work (physics)

Evolutionary biology

Biology

Analytical Chemistry (journal)

Function (biology)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Physical chemistry

Aqueous solution

Chemistry

Materials science

Ionization

Liquid water

Liquid liquid

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Quantum mechanics

Liquid phase

Chromatography

Thermodynamics

Chemical Science

A generalised liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy approach is reported, allowing accurate, absolute energy scale ionisation energies of liquid water and aqueous solutions, as well as liquid water's work function to be reported.

Accurate vertical ionization energy and work function determinations of liquid water and aqueous solutions