An easy 3D printing approach to manufacture vertical diffusion cells for in vitro release and permeation studies

Vertical diffusion cells are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields to study the release and permeation of active ingredients through synthetic or biological membranes. Nevertheless, the commercially available glass-based systems are expensive and need to be carefully handled due to their fragility. Fused deposition modeling 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique that allows producing objects layer by layer using...