Toll-like receptor

Cell biology

Pattern recognition receptor

Neuroscience

Biology

Cell signaling

Receptor

Signal transducing adaptor protein

Glycation

Signal transduction

Rage (emotion)

Immunology

Genetics

TRIF

Immune system

Immunoglobulin superfamily

HMGB1

Inflammation

Cell adhesion molecule

Innate immune system

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE binds and mediates cellular responses to a range of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules), such as AGEs, HMGB1, and S100/calgranulins, and as an innate immune sensor, can recognize microbial PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules), including bacterial LPS, bacterial DNA, and viral and parasitic proteins. RAGE and its ligands stimulate the activations of diverse pathways, such as p38MAPK, ERK1/2, Cdc42/Rac, and JNK, and trigger cascades of diverse signaling events that are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, atherothrombosis, and cancer. Thus, the targeted inhibition of RAGE or its ligands is considered an important strategy for the treatment of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Molecular Characteristics of RAGE and Advances in Small-Molecule Inhibitors