Learning Vocabulary Using 2D Pictures is More Effective than Using Immersive 3D Stereoscopic Pictures

This experimental study investigated the effect of immersive stereoscopic three-dimensional (S3D) pictures on productive and receptive vocabulary recall. The inherent perception of depth in S3D pictures facilitates learners’ immersion, making those pictures a potentially effective learning aid. The results of paired t-tests of this within-subjects study (N = 371) revealed that S3D pictures were associated with significantly lower scores on...