Medical Management of Aggressive Inflammatory Bowel Disease: When Is the Time to Cut Your (and the Patient's) Losses?

Despite a treatment armamentarium that continues to increase in terms of medical options for the therapy of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a significant proportion of patients will require surgical intervention over their disease course. Surgery does not represent a failure of medical therapy in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); rather, surgery represents an integral feature of the...