Multiscale design of functionally graded cellular structures for additive manufacturing using level-set descriptions

The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled the design of complex structures with high performance, such as functionally graded cellular structures (FGCSs). Concurrent topology optimization is commonly utilized for designing FGCSs; however, this approach suffers from an extremely high computational cost due to the complexity of the design problem. Recently, level-set-based methods, which rely on the implicit-based modeling...