Fracture parameters for buried cast iron pipes subjected to internal surface corrosions and cracks

The cast-iron pipeline has been utilized as the water main since the last century and continuously contributes to the present community by supplying potable water. These pipes are subjected to corrosions on the internal and external surfaces, causing pipeline breakage or leakage. For economical maintenance decisions of water distribution networks, it requires assessing the remaining strength of the pipes. Fracture mechanics has been effectively...