Indication and surgical techniques of bypass choledochojejunostomy for intractable choledocholithiasis

Despite development in endoscopic treatment and minimally invasive surgery for choledocholithiasis, there remains a small number of patients who require bypass Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (RYCJ) because of the intractable occurrence of common bile duct (CBD) stones. We herein present the detailed procedures of open RYCJ customized for intractable choledocholithiasis. The first method is a side-to-end choledochojejunostomy with intraluminal...