Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Phospholipid-Based Polymeric Micelles Induces Renal Transitory Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Mice

The renal toxicity induced by the intravenously injected iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) encapsulated in phospholipid-based polymeric micelles was studied in CD1 mice for 2 weeks. Two doses of 5 and 15 mg of Fe/kg bodyweight of NPs or saline solution (control) were tested, and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress parameters, and the expressions of kidney fibrosis biomarkers were analyzed. The enzymatic activities of...