Ca-mediated alleviation of Cd2+ induced toxicity and improved Cd2+ biomineralization by Sporosarcina pasteurii

Microbial induced carbonate precipitation has been widely used in the biomineralization of heavy metals Cd2+. However, the low Cd-tolerance of ureolytic bacteria limits the applications with only low Cd2+concentrations. In this study, we discovered a simple approach to significantly enhance the Cd2+ resistance of ureolytic bacteria through an immediate supplement of Ca2+. The Ca2+ protected the cells by reducing the extracellular and...