Engineering Bacteria to Monitor the Bleeding of Animals Using Far-Red Fluorescence

Microorganisms living in animals can function as drug delivery systems or as detectors for some diseases. Here, we developed a biosensor constructed by the deletion of hemF and harboring ho1, chuA, and bdfp1.6 in Escherichia coli. HemF is an enzyme involved in heme synthesis in E. coli. ChuA and HO1 can transfer extracellular heme into cells and generate biliverdin (BV). BDFP1.6 can bind BV autocatalytically, and it emits a far-red fluorescence...