Physics

Selective surface

Infrared

Nanotechnology

Coating

Heat transfer

Optics

Absorption (acoustics)

Nanoparticle

Radiative cooling

Composite material

Emissivity

Materials science

Infrared window

Passive cooling

Optoelectronics

Radiative transfer

Thermodynamics

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Passive daytime radiative cooling, which is a process that removes excess heat to cold space as an infinite heat sink, is an emerging technology for applications that require thermal control. Among the different structures of radiative coolers, multilayer- and photonic-structured radiative coolers that are composed of inorganic layers still need to be simple to fabricate. Herein, we describe the fabrication of a nanoparticle-mixture-based radiative cooler that exhibits highly selective infrared emission and low solar absorption. Al2O3, SiO2, and Si3N4 nanoparticles exhibit intrinsic absorption in parts of the atmospheric transparency window; facile one-step spin coating of a mixture of these nanoparticles generates a surface with selective infrared emission, which can provide a more powerful cooling effect compared to broadband emitters. The nanoparticle-based radiative cooler exhibits an extremely low solar absorption of 4% and a highly selective emissivity of 88.7% within the atmospheric transparency window owing to the synergy of the optical properties of the material. The nanoparticle mixture radiative cooler produces subambient cooling of 2.8 °C for surface cooling and 1.0 °C for space cooling, whereas the Ag film exhibits an above-ambient cooling of 1.1 °C for surface cooling and 3.4 °C for space cooling under direct sunlight.

Spectrally Selective Nanoparticle Mixture Coating for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling